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Honeybees have thrived for 50 million years, each colony 40 to 50,000 individuals coordinated in amazing harmony. So why, seven years ago, did colonies start dying en masse? Marla Spivak reveals four reasons which are interacting with tragic consequences. This is not simply a problem because bees pollinate a third of the world’s crops. Could this incredible species be holding up a mirror for us?

Marla Spivak researches bees’ behavior and biology in an effort to preserve this threatened, but ecologically essential, insect.



 

PREPPING FOR INVASION
Preventing theLeishmania donovaniparasite (shown, untreated) from hijacking heme from its hosts may be key to creating a vaccine to combat the scourge.
L.R. Haines et al/PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2009

 
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Edmond Byrnes and Joseph Heitman/Duke University Out of one, many. The fungus C. neoformans produces genetic diversity from scratch.
Sexual reproduction ensures genetic diversity: A mother and father who aren’t related each contribute half of their DNA, which is scrambled together to provide the instructions for forming a new individual. This stirring of the genetic pot allows the offspring to be unique while preventing any harmful mutations in the parents’ genes from accumulating. But a new study finds that a deadly species of fungi has found a way to produce diverse offspring from identical parents, perhaps allowing this pathogen to become drug resistant.  

 
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Hank discusses the chemistry of sarin, the nerve agent that killed more than 1400 people in a chemical weapons attack in Syria. 

 
H. FREITAG, ATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITYIn a patch of forest on the campus of Ateneo de Manila University—smack dab in the second largest city in the Philippines—a group of students and a biology professor out on a sampling expedition managed to capture a new species of water beetle. They named the tiny insect, just about a millimeter in length, Hydraena ateneo.
“A new species from a highly urbanized megacity is always a surprise,” Hendrik Freitag, the faculty member, wrote in an e-mail to the International Business Times. “However, new discoveries of long-palped water beetles from the Philippines were likely as we only know very few of them, but the genus is expected to be very species-diverse.”

 

Stem cells from a tank in a lab in Athens, Ga. A California lab has discovered a way turn stem cells from bone marrow into brain cells.
Stem cells from a tank in a lab in Athens, Ga. A California lab has discovered a way turn stem cells from bone marrow into brain cells.
Scientists have discovered an antibody that can turn stem cells from a patient's bone marrow directly into brain cells, a potential breakthrough in the treatment of neurological diseases and injuries.

 
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Hank noticed something mysterious in the park one day. Fairy rings: are they mystical portals to another realm? Or could there be another, more scientific, explanation?


 
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Combining microfabrication techniques with modern tissue engineering, lung-on-a-chip offers a new in vitro approach to drug screening by mimicking the complicated mechanical and biochemical behaviors of a human lung. 

 
 
As spring approaches in the Northern Hemisphere, we anticipate the fluttering butterflies and the capering baby lambs, and we can also expect to see some birds hammered out of their minds in the trees, and perhaps on the ground. In most cases, these birds have overindulged in the fermented berries and other fruits that froze during the winter and are now thawing - proving an irresistible treat for many kinds of birds.